Method for determining position of user equipment and apparatus for performing same in wireless mobile communication system

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a method for determining position of a user equipment in a wireless mobile communication system. The method comprises receiving a plurality of subframes including reference signals for positioning of the user equipment from a plurality of base stations periodically with a predetermined period of time; and determining position of the user equipment using reference signal time difference (RSTD) between the reference signals for positioning of the user equipment included in the received plurality of subframes, wherein a pattern of the reference signals for positioning of the user equipment is generated by repeating a diagonal mother matrix with dimension of 6×6, the pattern of the reference signals are mapped to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols of the subframe, and the reference signals for positioning of the user equipment in a OFDM symbol in which common reference signal (CRS) is transmitted are punctured.

This application is the National Stage filing under 35 U.S.C. §371 ofInternational Application No. PCT/KR2010/002163, filed on Apr. 8, 2010,which claims the benefit of earlier filing date and right of priority toKorean Application No. 10-2010-0024715, filed on Mar. 19, 2010, and alsoclaims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. Nos. 61/168,356,filed on Apr. 10, 2009 and 61/219,403, filed on Jun. 23, 2009, thecontents of which are all hereby incorporated by reference herein intheir entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a method for determining the positionof user equipment and an apparatus for performing the same in a wirelessmobile communication system.

BACKGROUND ART

LTE Physical Structure

3GPP (3^(rd) Generation Project Partnership) LTE (Long Term Evolution)supports a type 1 radio frame structure applicable to FDD (FrequencyDivision Duplex) and a type 2 radio frame structure applicable to TDD(Time Division Duplex).

FIG. 1 shows the structure of a type 1 radio frame. The type 1 radioframe includes ten subframes, and one subframe consists of two slots.

FIG. 2 shows the structure of a type 2 radio frame. The type 2 radioframe includes two half frames, and each half frame is composed of fivesubframes, a downlink pilot time slot DwPTS, a guard period GP, and anuplink pilot time slot UpPTS. One subframe includes two slots. The DwPTSis used for initial cell search, synchronization or channel estimationin user equipment. The UpPTS is used for channel estimation in a basestation and uplink transmission synchronization of the user equipment.The guard period is used to remove interference generated on an uplinkdue to multi-path delay of a downlink signal between the uplink anddownlink. One subframe consists of two slots irrespective of radio frametype.

FIG. 3 shows a slot structure of an LTE downlink. As shown in FIG. 3, asignal transmitted in each slot may be represented by a resource gridcomposed of N_(RB) ^(DL) N_(sc) ^(RB) subcarriers and N_(symb) ^(DL)OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols. Here, N_(RB) ^(DL)represents the number of resource blocks (RBs) on the downlink, N_(sc)^(RB) represents the number of subcarriers constructing one RB, andN_(symb) ^(DL) represents the number of OFDM symbols in one downlinkslot.

FIG. 4 shows a slot structure of an LTE uplink.

As shown in FIG. 4, a signal transmitted in each slot may be representedby a resource grid composed of N_(RB) ^(UL) N_(SC) ^(RB) subcarriers andN_(symb) ^(UL) OFDM symbols. Here, N_(RB) ^(Ul) represents the number ofRBs on the uplink, N_(SC) ^(RB) represents the number of subcarriersconstructing one RB, and N_(symb) ^(UL) represents the number of OFDMsymbols in one uplink slot.

A resource element is a resource unit defined by indexes (a, b) in theuplink slot and downlink slot and represents one subcarrier and one OFDMsymbol. Here, a is an index in the frequency domain and b is an index inthe time domain.

FIG. 5 shows the structure of a downlink subframe. Referring to FIG. 5,a maximum of three OFDM symbols located at the front of the first slotin one subframe correspond to a control region allocated to a controlchannel. The remaining OFDM symbols correspond to a data regionallocated to a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). Examples of adownlink control channel used in the 3GPP LTE include PCFICH (PhysicalControl Format Indicator Channel), PDCCH (Physical Downlink ControlChannel), PHICH (Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel), etc.

Definition of Multi-Antenna (MIMO) Technology

MIMO (Multi-Input Multi-Output) is a method capable of improvingtransmission and reception data efficiency by using multipletransmission antennas and multiple receiving antennas. That is, MIMO isa technique that increases capacity or improve performance usingmultiple antennas at a transmitter or a receiver of a wirelesscommunication system. The MIMO is referred to as multi-antennahereinafter.

A multi-antenna technology is an application of a technique thatcollects data fragments received through multiple antennas to accomplisha message instead of receiving the message through a single antennapath. The multi-antenna technology is considered to be a next-generationmobile communication technology which can be widely used for mobilecommunication terminals and relays because the multi-antenna technologycan improve a data transfer rate in a specific range or increase asystem range for a specific data transfer rate. Furthermore, themulti-antenna technology is attracting attention as a next-generationtechnology capable of overcoming the limitation of mobile communicationtransmission capacity that has reached the limit due to extension ofdata communication.

FIG. 6 shows a configuration of a conventional MIMO communicationsystem. As shown in FIG. 6, when the number of transmission antennas andthe number of receiving antennas are simultaneously increased to N_(T)and N_(R) respectively, a channel transmission capacity increases inproportion to the number of antennas in theory, distinguished from acase in which only transmitter or receiver uses multiple antennas.Accordingly, a transmission rate and frequency efficiency can beimproved. The transmission rate can be increased by the product of amaximum transmission rate R₀ when a single antenna is used and a rate ofincrease R_(i) represented by Equation 1 according to increase in thechannel transmission capacity theoretically.R _(i)=min(N _(T) ,N _(R))   [Equation 1]

For example, a MIMO communication system using four transmissionantennas and four receiving antennas can acquire a transmission ratefour times the transmission rate of a single antenna system in theory.Since the theoretical capacity increase of the multi-antenna system wasproved in the mid-90s, various techniques for improving a data transferrate have been actively studied and some of the techniques are reflectedin standards of wireless communications such as 3^(rd) generation mobilecommunication and next-generation wireless LAN.

MIMO related researches that have been performed so far involveinformation theory researches related to MIMO communication capacitycalculation in various channel environments and multi-accessenvironments, researches on radio channel measurement and modeling,researches on space-time signal processing techniques for improvingtransmission reliability and transmission rate, etc.

Channel Estimation

In a wireless communication system environment, fading occurs due tomulti-path delay. A process of compensating for a signal distortioncaused by an abrupt environment variation due to fading so as to restorea transmission signal is referred to as channel estimation. The channelestimation is performed using a signal that both a transmitter and areceiver know, in general. The signal known to both the transmitter andreceiver is referred to as a pilot signal or a reference signal (RS).

In a wireless communication system using OFDM transmission method, thereference signal is allocated to all subcarriers or allocated betweendata subcarriers.

To obtain channel estimation performance gain, a symbol composed of areference signal only, such as a preamble signal, is used. When thesymbol is used, channel estimation performance can be improved, comparedto a method of allocating a reference signal between data subcarriers,since the reference signal has a high density generally. In this case,however, data traffic decreases. To increase the data traffic, a methodof allocating the reference signal between data subcarriers is used.When this method is used, the density of the reference signal is reducedso as to deteriorate channel estimation performance. Accordingly,appropriate arrangement for minimizing the channel estimationperformance deterioration is required.

The receiver performs channel estimation using a reference signalthrough the following process. The receiver estimates channelinformation between the receiver and the transmitter from a receivedsignal since the receiver knows information on the reference signal. Thereceiver can correctly demodulate data transmitted from the transmitterusing an estimated channel information value.

When the reference signal transmitted from the transmitter is p, channelinformation to which the reference signal is subjected while beingtransmitted is h, thermal noise generated in the receiver is n, and asignal received by the receiver is y, the received signal y can berepresented by y=h·p+n. Here, since the receiver knows the referencesignal p, channel information ĥ can be estimated using the referencesignal p as expressed by Equation 2.ĥ=y/p=h+n/p=h+{circumflex over (n)}  [Equation 2]

Here, the accuracy of the channel estimation value ĥ obtained using thereference signal p is determined based on {circumflex over (n)}.Accodingly, {circumflex over (n)} needs to converge on 0 in order toestimate accurate ĥ, and thus it is necessary to perform channelestimation using a large number of reference signals. If a channel isestimated using a large number of reference signals, the influence of{circumflex over (n)} can be minimized.

User Specific Reference Signal Allocation Method in 3GPP LTE DownlinkSystem

Among the above-described radio frame structures supported b 3GPP LTE,the structure of the radio frame applicable to FDD is described indetail. One frame is transmitted for 10 msec. One frame includes tensubframes. One subframe is transmitted for 1 msec.

One subframe is composed of 14 or 12 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiplexing) symbols, and one OFDM symbol uses 128, 256, 512, 1024,1536, or 2048 subcarriers.

FIG. 7 shows the structure of a user equipment (UE)-specific downlinkreference signal in a subframe using normal cyclic prefix (CP), in whichone TTI (Transmission Time Interval) has 14 OFDM symbols. In FIG. 7, R5represents a UE -specific reference signal and l represents the locationof an OFDM symbol on the subframe.

FIG. 8 shows the structure of a UE-specific downlink reference signal ina subframe using extended cyclic prefix (CP), in which one TTI has 12OFDM symbols.

FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 respectively show structures of UE-common downlinkreference signals for systems respectively having 1, 2 and 4transmission antennas when 1 TTI has 14 OFDM symbols. In FIGS. 9, 10 and11, R0, R1, R2 and R3 respectively represent pilot symbols fortransmission antenna 0, transmission antenna 1, transmission antenna 2and transmission antenna 3. A subcarrier to which the pilot symbol ofeach transmission antenna is used doe not carry a signal in order toremove interference of all transmission antennas other than thetransmission antenna transmitting the pilot symbol.

The UE-specific downlink reference signals shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 can beused simultaneously with the UE-common downlink reference signals shownin FIGS. 9, 10 and 11. For example, OFDM symbols 0, 1 and 2 of a firstslot transmitting control information can use the UE-common downlinkreference signals shown in FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 and the remaining OFDMsymbols can use the UE-specific downlink reference signals.

Meantime, a downlink reference signal for each cell can be multiplied bya pre-defined sequence (for example, Pseudo-random (PN), m-sequence,etc.) and transmitted so as to reduce signal interference of a pilotsymbol received from a neighboring cell at the receiver to therebyimprove channel estimation performance. A PN sequence is applied basedon OFDM symbols in one subframe. The PN sequence may be applieddifferently depending on cell ID, subframe number, OFDM symbol location,and user equipment ID.

For example, in the case of the structure of 1Tx pilot symbol of FIG. 9,two pilot symbols of one transmission antenna are used for a specificOFDM symbol including pilot symbols. 3GPP LTE systems include a systemhaving several bandwidths such as 6 RBs (resource blocks) to 110 RBs.Accordingly, the number of pilot symbols of one transmission antenna inone OFDM symbol including pilot symbols is 2×N_(RB), and the sequencemultiplied by the downlink reference signal for each cell needs to havea length of 2×N_(RB). Here, N_(RB) represents the number of RBsdepending on bandwidth and the sequence may use a binary sequence or acomplex sequence. The following Equation 3 shows an example of thecomplex sequence.

$\begin{matrix}{{{r(m)} = {{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left( {1 - {2 \cdot {c\left( {2m} \right)}}} \right)} + {j\;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left( {1 - {2 \cdot {c\left( {{2m} + 1} \right)}}} \right)}}},\mspace{20mu}{m = 0},1,\ldots\mspace{14mu},{{2N_{RB}^{\max}} - 1}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 3} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

Here, N_(RB) ^(max) denotes the number of RBs corresponding to a maximumbandwidth, which may be determined as 110 according to the aboveexplanation, and C denotes a PN sequence which can be defined as Goldsequence of length-31. For the UE-specific downlink reference signals,Equation 3 can be represented as Equation 4.

$\begin{matrix}{{{r(m)} = {{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left( {1 - {2 \cdot {c\left( {2m} \right)}}} \right)} + {j\;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left( {1 - {2 \cdot {c\left( {{2m} + 1} \right)}}} \right)}}},\mspace{20mu}{m = 0},1,\ldots\mspace{14mu},{{2N_{RB}^{PDSCH}} - 1}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 4} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

In Equation 4, N_(RB) ^(PDSCH) denotes the number of RBs correspondingto downlink data allocated to specific user equipment. Accordingly, asequence length may depend on the quantity of data allocated to userequipment.

The above-described UE-specific downlink reference signal structures cantransmit only one data stream, and cannot transmit a plurality ofstreams because they cannot be simply extended. Accordingly, theUE-specific downlink reference signal structures need to be extended totransmit a plurality of data streams.

User Equipment Positioning Method

The necessity of user equipment positioning increases for manyoperations due to various applications in real life. Widely known userequipment positioning methods may be classified into a GPS (GlobalPositioning System) based method and a terrestrial positioning basedmethod.

The GPS based method detects the position of a user equipment usingsatellites. The GPS base method requires signals received from at leastfour satellites and it cannot be used in indoor environments.

The terrestrial positioning based method detects the position of userequipment using a timing difference between signals from base stations.The terrestrial positioning based method requires signals received fromat least three base stations. The terrestrial positioning based methodcan be used in almost all environments although it has positionestimation performance lower than that of the GPS based method. Theterrestrial positioning based method estimates the position of userequipment using a synchronization signal or a reference signal mostly.The terrestrial positioning based method is defined by the followingterms for each standard.

The terrestrial positioning based method is defined as OTDOA (ObservedTime Difference Of Arrival) in UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio AccessNetwork), as E-OTD (Enhanced Observed Time Difference) in GERAN(GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network), and as AFLT (Advanced Forward LinkTrilateration) in CDMA 2000.

FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary downlink OTDOA which is a kind of theterrestrial positioning based method, used in 3GPP standard. Since userequipment generates a reference clock signal on the basis of subframestransmitted from a current serving cell, signals received fromneighboring cells have different TDOAs. Here, the TDOA can be measuredusing a positioning signal of the user equipment, and thus it can bereferred to as a RSTD (Reference Signal Time Difference).

FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a user equipment positioning methodusing OTDOA. The position of the user equipment can be calculated bysolving a linear equation using Taylor series expansion (refer to Y.Chan and K. Ho, “A simple and efficient estimator for hyperboliclocation,” IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol. 42, pp. 1905-1915, August1994).

The above-mentioned user equipment positioning method can be performedusing a common reference signal (CRS) or a primary synchronizationsignal/secondary synchronization signal (PSS/SSS), however, it isdifficult to satisfy requirements of superior performance and operatoronly using the CRS or PSS/SSS.

Accordingly, it is necessary to introduce a measurement reference signalfor LCS (Location Service). Here, the horizontal axis may represent anOFDM symbol index and the vertical axis may represent a frequency indexor subcarrier index.

FIGS. 14 and 15 show structures of subframes including RSs for LCS forOTDOA. FIG. 14 shows a normal CP case and FIG. 15 shows an extended CPcase. In FIGS. 14 and 15, an E-IPDL (Evolved-Idle Period Downlink) RScorresponds to an RS for LCS. The RS for LCS may be referred to as a PRS(Positioning Reference Signal).

In FIGS. 14 and 15, the horizontal axis may represent an OFDM symbolindex and the vertical axis may represent a frequency index orsubcarrier index. As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, E-IPDL RSs have adiagonal matrix form in one cell. The E-IPDL RSs are evenly distributedin one subframe. That is, if E-IPDL RS elements are combined in onesubframe, all of the E-IPDL RSs are transmitted in the entire resourceelements. Here, the E-IPDL RSs may be transmitted in a specific resourceunit (frequency X symbol) only, or uniformly transmitted over theoverall band.

In another cell, E-IPDL RSs may be circularly shifted one by one on thefrequency axis and transmitted. In this case, if E-IPDL RSs transmittedby two cells are perfectly synchronized with each other and received,the position of user equipment can be measured without collision betweenthe cells. That is, E-IPDL RS patterns for the cells are configureddifferently such that the position of the user equipment can be measuredwithout collision of RSs between the cells. Here, collision means a casein which the same RS signal patterns are located on the same time andfrequency resources on subframes transmitted from two cells andinterfere each other.

The above-mentioned user equipment positioning method can be performedusing a synchronization signal or a CRS. A user equipment positionestimation error is proportional to the bandwidth occupied by atransmitted synchronization signal or reference signal. In other words,timing resolution increases as bandwidth increases, in general.Accordingly, RS measurement is performed through the following twosteps.

(1) First step of performing symbol timing acquisition through asynchronization signal

(2) Second step of time resolution through an RS

However, if the user equipment is located very close to a serving cell,the user equipment may not recognize a signal of the neighbor cellbecause the signal of the neighbor cell becomes less than thegranularity of quantization of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) dueto strong power of the serving cell. That is, a hearibility problem maybe generated.

To solve this problem, UTRA standard provides IPDL (Idle PeriodDownlink) technique that interrupts transmission of all channels of theserving cell. Generally, the frequency of an idle period is one slot(approximately 667 μs) per 100 ms (that is, approximately 0.7%). Duringthe idle period, the user equipment can receive a pilot signal of aneighbor cell even if a signal with high intensity is received from theserving cell in the same frequency band. Furthermore, a signal of theserving cell can be measured more accurately through an idle period of afirst best neighbor cell signal.

Even in this case, however, the conventional synchronization signal andCRS(Common Reference Signal)/DRS(Dedicated Reference Signal) need to betransmitted for other user equipments, and thus user equipmentpositioning performance may be deteriorated when these signals aretransmitted.

Moreover, in the structures of FIGS. 14 and 15, LCS RSs transmitted frommultiple cells may be received without being synchronized.

FIG. 16 illustrates a state that LCS RSs transmitted from multiple cellsare received without being synchronized. When the LCSs RSs are receivedwithout being synchronized, as shown in FIG. 16, the possibility ofcollision of RSs of all cells increases in the case of a diagonalstructure. On the assumption that FIG. 16 corresponds to a normal CPcase, if cells A and B transmit different RS patterns and user equipmentreceives the RS patterns with an offset corresponding to one OFDMsymbol, collision between RSs may occur. In this case, collision occursin every RE, and thus measurement performance is deteriorated even ifdifferent sequences are used.

This problem is not limited to the LCS RS only and may be generated inthe normal RS and CoMP (Coordinated Multi-Point) RS.

DISCLOSURE Technical Problem

An object of the present invention devised to solve the problem lies ona RS structure capable of preventing collision between RSs received frommultiple cells when the RSs are received without being synchronized.

It will be appreciated by person skilled in the art that the objectsthat could be achieved with the present invention are not limited towhat has been particularly described hereinabove and the above and otherobjects that the present invention could achieve will be more clearlyunderstood from the following detailed description.

Technical Solution

The objects of the present invention can be achieved by providing amethod for determining position of a user equipment in a wireless mobilecommunication system, the method comprising receiving a plurality ofsubframes including reference signals for positioning of the userequipment from a plurality of base stations periodically with apredetermined period of time; and determining position of the userequipment using reference signal time difference (RSTD) between thereference signals for positioning of the user equipment included in thereceived plurality of subframes, wherein a pattern of the referencesignals for positioning of the user equipment is generated by repeatinga diagonal mother matrix with dimension of 6×6, the pattern of thereference signals are mapped to orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing (OFDM) symbols of the subframe, and the reference signalsfor positioning of the user equipment in a OFDM symbol in which commonreference signal (CRS) is transmitted are punctured.

The mother matrix may be generated using a Costas array.

For a subframe with normal cyclic prefix, an OFDM symbol having a lowesttime index is numbered as 0th OFDM symbol, maximum 3 OFDM symbols fromthe 0th OFDM symbol are used for a control channel, 3rd and higher OFDMsymbols are used for the pattern of the reference signals forpositioning of the user equipment

For a subframe with extended cyclic prefix, an OFDM symbol having alowest time index is numbered as 0th OFDM symbol, maximum 3 OFDM symbolsfrom the 0th OFDM symbol are used for a control channel, 4th and higherOFDM symbols are used for the pattern of the reference signals forpositioning of the user equipment.

The pattern of the reference signals for positioning of the userequipment is shifted in a frequency axis for each cell.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a method fordetermining position of a user equipment in a wireless mobilecommunication system, the method comprises receiving a plurality ofsubframes including reference signals for positioning of the userequipment from a plurality of base stations periodically with apredetermined period of time; and determining position of the userequipment using reference signal time difference (RSTD) between thereference signals for positioning of the user equipment included in thereceived plurality of subframes, wherein a pattern of the referencesignals for positioning of the user equipment is generated from a mothermatrix, at least one row or column of the mother matrix is punctured.

0th, 2nd, 5th and 9th columns of the mother matrix are punctured for asubframe with normal cyclic prefix, and wherein 0th, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 6thand 9th columns of the mother matrix are punctured for a subframe withextended cyclic prefix.

The pattern of the reference signals for positioning of the userequipment is generated by circular shift of row or column of the mothermatrix.

The mother matrix may be generated using a Costas array.

The mother matrix has a dimension smaller than a number of subcarriersof the subframe, and wherein the pattern of the reference signalsincluded in the subframe transmitted from each of the plurality of thebase stations is generated from a matrix circularly shifted of themother matrix.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a userequipment in a wireless mobile communication system, comprises areceiver receiving a plurality of subframes including reference signalsfor positioning of the user equipment from a plurality of base stationsperiodically with a predetermined period of time; and a processorelectrically connected to the receiver and determining position of theuser equipment using reference signal time difference (RSTD) between thereference signals for positioning of the user equipment included in thereceived plurality of subframes, wherein a pattern of the referencesignals for positioning of the user equipment is generated by repeatinga diagonal mother matrix with dimension of 6×6, the pattern of thereference signals are mapped to orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing (OFDM) symbols of the subframe, and the reference signalsfor positioning of the user equipment in a OFDM symbol in which commonreference signal (CRS) is transmitted are punctured.

The mother matrix may be generated using a Costas array.

For a subframe with normal cyclic prefix, an OFDM symbol having a lowesttime index is numbered as 0th OFDM symbol, maximum 3 OFDM symbols fromthe 0th OFDM symbol are used for a control channel, 3rd and higher OFDMsymbols are used for the pattern of the reference signals forpositioning of the user equipment.

For for a subframe with extended cyclic prefix, an OFDM symbol having alowest time index is numbered as 0th OFDM symbol, maximum 3 OFDM symbolsfrom the 0th OFDM symbol are used for a control channel, 4th and higherOFDM symbols are used for the pattern of the reference signals forpositioning of the user equipment.

The pattern of the reference signals for positioning of the userequipment is shifted in a frequency axis for each cell.

Advantageous Effects

According to embodiments of the present invention, the position of userequipment can be determined smoothly even when reference signals foruser equipment position determination are received without beingsynchronized from different cells.

It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the effectsthat could be achieved with the present invention are not limited towhat has been particularly described hereinabove and other advantages ofthe present invention will be more clearly understood from the followingdetailed description.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows the structure of a type 1 radio frame;

FIG. 2 shows the structure of a type 2 radio frame;

FIG. 3 shows the structure of a LTE downlink slot;

FIG. 4 shows the structure of a LTE uplink slot;

FIG. 5 shows the structure of a downlink subframe;

FIG. 6 shows a configuration of a conventional MIMO communicationsystem;

FIG. 7 shows the structure of a UE(User Equipment)-specific referencesignal in a subframe using a normal CP (Cyclic Prefix), in which one TTI(Transmission Time Interval) has 14 OFDM symbols;

FIG. 8 shows the structure of a UE-specific reference signal in asubframe using an extended CP, in which one TTI has 12 OFDM symbols;

FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 show structures of UE-common downlink referencesignals for systems respectively having one, two and four transmitantennas when one TTI has 14 OFDM symbols;

FIG. 12 shows an example of downlink OTDOA that is a kind of aterrestrial positioning based method used in 3GPP standard;

FIG. 13 shows an example of a user equipment positioning method usingOTDOA;

FIGS. 14 and 15 show structures of subframes including LCS RSs forOTDOA;

FIG. 16 illustrates a state that LCS RSs are received without beingsynchronized from multiple cells;

FIG. 17 shows a matrix pattern according to reuse planning using aCostas array when N=6;

FIG. 18 shows a result of allocation of cell IDs to the Costas arraypattern shown in FIG. 17;

FIGS. 19 and 20 show exemplary results of circular shifting andpermutation of the Costas array pattern shown in FIG. 18;

FIG. 21 shows a result of allocation of cell IDs to a matrix accordingto reuse planning using a Costas array when N=10;

FIG. 22 shows punctured columns in a cell ID/symbol modular based mothermatrix with N=12 in a normal cyclic prefix (CP) case;

FIG. 23 shows a case in which a cell ID/symbol modular based mothermatrix with N=12 is applied to subframes;

FIG. 24 shows an example of applying a mother matrix with N=12 to MBSFNsubframe;

FIG. 25 shows a result of circular shift of the matrix shown in FIG. 22by 2 to the right in a normal CP case;

FIG. 26 shows a result of circular shift of the matrix shown in FIG. 22by 3 to the right in an extended CP case;

FIG. 27 shows a result obtained by applying the matrix shown in FIG. 25and the matrix shown in FIG. 26 to subframes and performing puncturing;

FIG. 28 shows a result obtained by applying the matrix shown in FIG. 25to MBSFN subframe and performing puncturing;

FIG. 29 shows an example of puncturing performed with the first columnof a mother matrix with N=12 located on the last CRS symbol of asubframe in a normal CP case;

FIG. 30 shows an example of puncturing performed with the first columnof a mother matrix having N=12 located on the last CRS symbol of a MBSFNsubframe;

FIG. 31 shows an example of a Costas array with N=12;

FIG. 32 shows cases in which the Costas array shown in FIG. 31 isapplied to subframes;

FIG. 33 shows a case in which the Costas array shown in FIG. 31 isapplied to MBSFN subframe;

FIG. 34 shows an example of applying a Costas array based mother matrixwith N=6 to a subframe and performing puncturing in a normal CP case;

FIG. 35 shows an example of applying a Costas array based mother matrixwith N=6 to a subframe and performing puncturing in an extended CP case;

FIG. 36 shows an example of applying a Costas array based mother matrixwith N=6 according to an embodiment of the present invention to asubframe and performing puncturing;

FIG. 37 shows an example of applying a Costas array based mother matrixwith N=6 according to an embodiment of the present invention to asubframe and performing puncturing;

FIG. 38 shows an example of applying a cell ID/symbol modular basedmother matrix with N=6 according to an embodiment of the presentinvention to a subframe and performing puncturing;

FIG. 39 shows patterns extended by repeating at least one column or rowof a Costas array based mother matrix according to an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 40 shows patterns extended by repeating at least one column or rowof a cell ID/symbol modular based mother matrix according to anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 41 shows results of mirroring mapping using a Costas arrayaccording to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 42 shows a PRS pattern for frequency reuse 6 according to anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 43 shows position determination performance depending on systembandwidth;

FIG. 44 shows position determination performance in a time-varying PRSpattern;

FIG. 45 shows position determination performance with respect toorthogonal frequency reuse 6 and orthogonal time reuse 6;

FIG. 46 shows a result of comparison of performances for different PRSpatterns on ideal timing assumption;

FIG. 47 shows a result of comparison of performances for different PRSpatterns on practical timing assumption; and

FIG. 48 is a block diagram of a device capable of being applied to abase station and user equipment and performing the method of the presentinvention.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of thepresent invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. Thedetailed description, which will be given below with reference to theaccompanying drawings, is intended to explain exemplary embodiments ofthe present invention, rather than to show the only embodiments that canbe implemented according to the invention. The following detaileddescription includes specific details in order to provide a thoroughunderstanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent tothose skilled in the art that the present invention may be practicedwithout such specific details. In some instances, known structures anddevices are omitted, or are shown in block diagram form focusing onimportant features of the structures and devices, so as not to obscurethe concept of the present invention. The same reference numbers will beused throughout this specification to refer to the same or like parts.

Throughout the specification, when a certain part “includes” a certainelement, it means that the part can further include other elements notexcluding the other elements. Furthermore, the terms “unit” and “part”mean units which process at least one function or operation, which canbe implemented by hardware, software, or combination of hardware andsoftware.

The present invention proposes a method of extending a mother matrixrepresenting mapping of reference signals (RSs) for user equipmentposition determination such that the RSs are transmitted within apredetermined section (for example, a subframe or one resource block)based on the mother matrix or mapping the RSs within the predeterminedsection based on the mother matrix.

In particular, the present invention proposes the following RS patterns.

(1) A pattern extended by changing the order of at least two columns orrows of a mother matrix

(2) A pattern obtained by puncturing at least one column or row of amother matrix

This pattern includes a pattern extended by changing the order of atleast two columns or rows of a mother matrix.

(3) A pattern extended by repeating at least one column or row of amother matrix

This pattern includes a pattern extended by changing the order of atleast two columns or rows of a mother matrix.

(4) A pattern arranged such that frequency reuse of coexisting differenttypes of RSs (for example, CRS or DRS (Dedicated Reference Signal))corresponds to at least one column or row of a mother matrix inconsideration of the existing RS or the coexisting different types ofRSs

In this pattern, the remaining columns and rows may be mapped in acircular shift form.

(5) A pattern in which at least one column of a mother matrix isrepeated around a coexisting different type of RS (for example, CRS orDRS) in consideration of the existing RS or the coexisting differenttype of RS

The present invention supposes 1) a mother matrix based on a Costasarray and 2) a mother matrix based on cell ID/symbol modular. However,the present invention is not limited to these mother matrices and can bebased on various mother matrices.

The mother matrix based on a Costas array and the mother matrix based oncell ID/symbol modular will now be explained.

1) Costas Array Based Mother Matrix

A Costas array named after John P. Costas can be regarded geometricallyas a set of n points lying on the squares of an n×n checkerboard, suchthat each row or column contains only one point, and that all of then(n−1)/2 displacement matrices between each pair of dots are distinct.This results in an ideal ‘thumbtack auto-ambiguity function’, making thearray useful in applications such as sonar and radar.

A Costas array may be represented numerically as an n×n array ofnumbers, where each entry is either 1, for a point, or 0, for theabsence of a point. When interpreted as binary matrices, these arrays ofnumbers have the property that, since each row and column has theconstraint that it only has one point on it, they are therefore alsopermutation matrices. Thus, the Costas arrays for any given n are asubset of the permutation matrices of order n.

A Welch-Costas array, or Welch array is generated using the followingmethod. The Welch-Costas array is constructed by taking a primitive rootg of a prime number p and defining the array A by A_(i,j)=1, otherwise0. The result is a Costas array of size p−1.

For example, 3 is a primitive root of 5. Here, a Costas permutation canbe obtained using the following modulo operations.

3{circumflex over (0)}1=3

3{circumflex over (0)}2=9=4 (mod 5)

3{circumflex over (0)}3=27=2 (mod 5)

3{circumflex over (0)}4=81=1 (mod 5)

Therefore, [3,4,2,1] is a Costas permutation. More specifically, this isan exponential Welch array. The transposition of the array is alogarithmic Welch array.

FIG. 17 shows a matrix pattern according to reuse planning using aCostas array when N=6. That is, FIG. 17 shows a 6×6 Costas arraypattern. FIG. 18 shows a result of allocation of cell IDs to the Costasarray pattern of FIG. 17. A specific column of the Costas array shown inFIG. 18 can be circular-shifted or permutated. FIGS. 19 and 20 showexemplary results of circular shift or permutation of the Costas arrayshown in FIG. 18.

The matrix pattern can be extended to a matrix with N=10 using theabove-mentioned method. FIG. 21 shows a result of allocation of cell IDsto a matrix according to reuse planning using a Costas array when N=10.

The cell ID/symbol modular based mother matrix will now be explained.

2) Cell ID/Symbol Modular Based Mother Matrix

The cell ID/symbol modular based mother matrix can be generated usingthe following Equation 4.k _(n) ^(m)=mod(mod(a ^(m)·(n+1),N _(p))−1+n _(subblock) ,N)n=0,1, . . . , N _(sym)−1n _(subblock)=0,1, . . , N _(subblock−1)   [Equation 5]

In Equation 5, N_(sym) may be the number of OFDM symbols in onesubframe, and n_(subblock) may be the number of N×N matrices in aspecific range. Here, if subblocks are generated based on subframes,n_(subblock) may be a subframe index n_(SF). Though n_(SF) can have thesame value for all subframes, it is assumed that n_(SF) has differentvalues for subframes in the present invention. N_(p) may be the smallestprime number among integers larger than N.

Furthermore, a^(m) may be a function of cell IDs.

Here, the cell IDs may be reused cell IDs. For example, if the number ofcell IDs is 504, cell IDs used in the present invention can berepresented as m=mod(n_cellid, N) when reuse of N cell IDs is applied.

Here, n_(subblock) designates a hopping pattern depending on a specificunit and can be defined in connection with cell IDs as well as n_(SF).For example, n_(subblock) can be designated as n_(subblock)=n_(SF)+cellID such that a RS pattern can be hopped in connection with cell IDs foreach subframe.

An example of a matrix with N=6 is represented as follows.

$\quad\begin{matrix}\begin{matrix}0 & 3 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 5 \\1 & 0 & 2 & 3 & 5 & 4 \\2 & 4 & 0 & 5 & 1 & 3 \\3 & 1 & 5 & 0 & 4 & 2 \\4 & 5 & 3 & 2 & 0 & 1 \\5 & 2 & 1 & 4 & 3 & 0\end{matrix} & {\left\lbrack {{Expression}\mspace{14mu} 6} \right\rbrack\;}\end{matrix}$

An example of a matrix with N=10 is represented as follows.

$\quad\begin{matrix}\begin{matrix}0 & 5 & 3 & 2 & 8 & 1 & 7 & 6 & 4 & 9 \\1 & 0 & 7 & 5 & 6 & 3 & 4 & 2 & 9 & 8 \\2 & 6 & 0 & 8 & 4 & 5 & 1 & 9 & 3 & 7 \\3 & 1 & 4 & 0 & 2 & 7 & 9 & 5 & 8 & 6 \\4 & 7 & 8 & 3 & 0 & 9 & 6 & 1 & 2 & 5 \\5 & 2 & 1 & 6 & 9 & 0 & 3 & 8 & 7 & 4 \\6 & 8 & 5 & 9 & 7 & 2 & 0 & 4 & 1 & 3 \\7 & 3 & 9 & 1 & 5 & 4 & 8 & 0 & 6 & 2 \\8 & 9 & 2 & 4 & 3 & 6 & 5 & 7 & 0 & 1 \\9 & 4 & 6 & 7 & 1 & 8 & 2 & 3 & 5 & 0\end{matrix} & {\left\lbrack {{Expression}\mspace{14mu} 7} \right\rbrack\mspace{11mu}}\end{matrix}$

An example of a matrix with N=12 is represented as follows.

$\begin{matrix}{\quad{\begin{matrix}0 & 6 & 8 & 9 & 7 & 10 & 1 & 4 & 2 & 3 & 5 & 11 \\1 & 0 & 4 & 6 & 2 & 8 & 3 & 9 & 5 & 7 & 11 & 10 \\2 & 7 & 0 & 3 & 10 & 6 & 5 & 1 & 8 & 11 & 4 & 9 \\3 & 1 & 9 & 0 & 5 & 4 & 7 & 6 & 11 & 2 & 10 & 8 \\4 & 8 & 5 & 10 & 0 & 2 & 9 & 11 & 1 & 6 & 3 & 7 \\5 & 2 & 1 & 7 & 8 & 0 & 11 & 3 & 4 & 10 & 9 & 6 \\6 & 9 & 10 & 4 & 3 & 11 & 0 & 8 & 7 & 1 & 2 & 5 \\7 & 3 & 6 & 1 & 11 & 9 & 2 & 0 & 10 & 5 & 8 & 4 \\8 & 10 & 2 & 11 & 6 & 7 & 4 & 5 & 0 & 9 & 1 & 3 \\9 & 4 & 11 & 8 & 1 & 5 & 6 & 10 & 3 & 0 & 7 & 2 \\10 & 11 & 7 & 5 & 9 & 3 & 8 & 2 & 6 & 4 & 0 & 1 \\11 & 5 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 1 & 10 & 7 & 9 & 8 & 6 & 0\end{matrix}.}} & \left\lbrack {{Expression}\mspace{14mu} 8} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

As described above in 1) Costas array based mother matrix, a mothermatrix can be generated by circularly shifting or permuting the abovematrices.

Generation of the above-mentioned RS pattern will now be explained indetail based on the aforementioned mother matrices.

(1) The pattern extended by changing the order of at least two columnsor rows of a mother matrix corresponds to the above-described pattern inwhich the order of columns or rows is changed through circular shift orpermutation. Here, although it was assumed that the control channelregion corresponds to three OFDM symbols, the control channel region isnot limited thereto.

(2) The pattern obtained by puncturing at least one column or row of amother matrix

If a RS pattern is designed based on one resource block and onesubframe, the size of a generated mother matrix may be based on a largerone of a time resource and a frequency resource. For example, one RB iscomposed of 12 subcarriers, one subframe includes 8 OFDM symbols in anormal CP case and 6 OFDM symbols in an extended CP case except acontrol region and CRS. Accordingly, a mother matrix having N=12 can bedesigned. In this case, gain according to reuse can be maximized.

Alternatively, the size of a generated mother matrix may be based on asmaller one of the time resource and frequency resource. For example,one RB is composed of 12 subcarriers, one subframe includes 8 OFDMsymbols in a normal CP case and 6 OFDM symbols in an extended CP case.Accordingly, a mother matrix having N=6 can be designed. In this case,it is possible to eliminate ambiguity due to multiple peaks in timingsynchronization since one subframe has no null subcarrier.

Mother matrices based on a Costas array and cell ID/symbol modular willnow be explained. However, if required, only one of the Costas arraybased mother matrix and cell ID/symbol modular based mother matrix isdescribed for facilitation of explanation.

A method of using a mother matrix generated based on N=12 is explainedfirst.

FIG. 22 shows punctured columns in a cell ID/symbol modular based mothermatrix generated based on N=12 in a normal CP case. FIG. 23 shows casesin which the cell ID/symbol modular based mother matrix generated basedon N=12 is applied to subframes. In FIG. 23, the left part correspondsto a normal CP case and the right part corresponds to an extended CPcase. In FIG. 23, 0^(th), second, fifth and ninth columns are puncturedin the normal CP case and 0^(th), first, second, third, sixth and ninthcolumns are punctured in the extended CP case. Here, the puncturedcolumns correspond to regions where cell-specific RSs are located orregions where control channels are located.

The mother matrix is constructed such that the last column is mapped tothe last OFDM symbol.

FIG. 24 shows an example of applying the mother matrix with N=12 to aMBSFN (Multimedia Broadcast Single Frequency Network) subframe. In FIG.24, 0^(th) and first columns are punctured.

Furthermore, a mother matrix can be designed such that multiple peaksare not present in the time domain during puncturing in consideration ofuse of CRS or use of CRS with PRS.

Particularly, puncturing can be performed with circular shift inconsideration of a reuse pattern of CRS. For example, a CRS reusepattern is [0,1,2,3,4,5,0,1,2,3,4,5]^(T) in the case of 1 Tx, whichcorresponds to the first column (column 0) in the above-described cellID/symbol modular based mother matrix. Accordingly, it is possible tolocate the first column on the CRS and puncture it. For example, inorder to locate the first column of the mother matrix on the first CRSsymbol (n_(sym)=4) among CRSs except a control channel region, themother matrix is circular -shifted to the right by 2 and puncturing isperformed at the corresponding CRS position.

FIG. 25 shows a result of cyclic shift of the matrix shown in FIG. 22 tothe right by 2 in a normal CP case.

FIG. 26 shows a result of cyclic shift of the matrix shown in FIG. 22 tothe right by 3 in an extended CP case.

FIG. 27 shows results obtained by applying the matrix of FIG. 25 and thematrix of FIG. 26 to subframes and performing puncturing. In FIG. 27,the left part corresponds to an extended CP case and the right partcorresponds to an extended CP case.

FIG. 28 shows a result obtained by applying the matrix of FIG. 25 to aMBSFN subframe and performing puncturing.

As shown in FIGS. 25 to 28, it is possible to perform cyclic shift onthe mother matrix and apply the cyclic-shifted mother matrix to asubframe.

The first column (column 0) of [0,1,2,]^(T) can be located on the lastCRS symbol of the subframe and punctured. FIG. 29 shows an example oflocating the first column of the mother matrix with N=12 on the last CRSsymbol of a subframe and performing puncturing in a normal CP case. FIG.30 shows an example of locating the first column of the mother matrixwith N=12 on the last CRS symbol of a MBSFN subframe and performingpuncturing.

A method of generating a mother matrix based on a Costas array will nowbe explained.

FIG. 31 shows an exemplary Costas array having N=12. FIG. 32 shows acase in which the Costas array of FIG. 31 is applied to subframes. InFIG. 32, the left part shows a subframe corresponding to a normal CPcase and the right part shows a subframe corresponding to an extended CPcase. FIG. 33 shows a case in which the Costas array of FIG. 31 isapplied to a MBSFN subframe.

Meantime, a mother matrix with N=12 can be generated by extending amother matrix with N=6 and performing puncturing for the mother matrixwith N=6. Here, the operation of generating the mother matrix havingN=12 from the mother matrix having N=6 is similar to the abovedescription except that the mother matrix having N=6 is extended suchthat it is suited to a subframe.

An extended matrix form is explained according to a Costas array basedmother matrix generated based on N=6 (refer to FIGS. 17 and 18). Here,permutation can be performed in advance such that only columnscorresponding to reused CRSs (0,1,2)(3,4,5,) are punctured. At thistime, appropriate columns can be mapped.

The following Expression 9 represents an example of a Costas array basedmother matrix.

$\quad\begin{matrix}\begin{matrix}3 & 2 & 5 & 0 & 4 & 1 \\4 & 3 & 0 & 1 & 5 & 2 \\5 & 4 & 1 & 2 & 0 & 3 \\0 & 5 & 2 & 3 & 1 & 4 \\1 & 0 & 3 & 4 & 2 & 5 \\2 & 1 & 4 & 5 & 3 & 0\end{matrix} & \left\lbrack {{Expression}\mspace{14mu} 9} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

The mother matrix of Expression 9 can be extended and applied to asubframe. FIG. 34 shows an example of applying a Costas array basedmother matrix having N=6 to a subframe and performing puncturing in anormal CP case. FIG. 35 shows an example of applying a Costas arraybased mother matrix having N=6 to a subframe and performing puncturingin an extended CP case.

Meantime, it is possible to apply permutation of an appropriate columnand row to the mother matrix of Expression 9. FIG. 36 shows an exampleof applying a Costas array based mother matrix having N=6 according toan embodiment of the present invention to a subframe and performingpuncturing. In FIG. 36, the left part corresponds to a normal CP caseand the right part corresponds to an extended CP case.

A mother matrix can be mapped onto a subframe such that cell IDs areevenly distributed in the overall frequency band when punctured. FIG. 37shows an example of applying a Costas array based mother matrix havingN=6 according to an embodiment of the present invention to a subframeand performing puncturing. In FIG. 37, the left part corresponds to anormal CP case and the right part corresponds to an extended CP case.

A cell ID/symbol modular based mother matrix can be applied to asubframe. FIG. 38 shows an example of applying a cell ID/symbol modularbased mother matrix having N=6 according to an embodiment of the presentinvention to a subframe and performing puncturing. In FIG. 38, the leftpart corresponds to a normal CP case and the right part corresponds toan extended CP case.

(3) The Pattern Extended by Repeating at Least One Column or Row of aMother Matrix

This case includes a pattern extended by changing the order of at leasttwo columns or rows of a mother matrix.

This method extends a mother matrix smaller than a given resource inconsideration of elements for eliminating multiple peaks duringinterfering and synchronization with CRSs (a subframe needs to have nonull subcarrier). Here, if left and right CRS symbols have columns ofthe same reuse pattern as CRS, interference between CRS and PA-RS can besolved. FIG. 39 shows a pattern extended by repeating at least onecolumn or row of a Costas array based mother matrix according to anembodiment of the present invention. FIG. 40 shows a pattern extended byrepeating at least one column or row of a cell ID/symbol modular basedmother matrix according to an embodiment of the present invention.

(4) Mirroring Mapping

A mother matrix of N, which is smaller than a given resource, can beextended using a mirroring pattern. In other words, when a mother matrixof N is repeated, the mother matrix can be mapped such that elements ofthe mother matrix are mirrored at the repetition boundary to becomesymmetrical. While the same patterns are collided when a mother matrixis extended through simple repetition, extension through mirroring canrandomize collision to other subcarriers. Furthermore, when a mothermatrix is extended to the frequency domain, mapping can be performed inreverse order of the mapping order of the upper half of the mothermatrix. FIG. 41 shows a result of mirroring mapping using a Costas arrayaccording to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 41, theleft subframe corresponds to a normal CP case and the right subframecorresponds to an extended CP case.

A PRS pattern for user equipment position estimation can be generated asfollows. When frequency reuse is 6, PRS sequence r_(l,n) _(s) (m) in aslot n_(s) is mapped to a complex-valued modulation symbol a_(k,l)^((p)) for position measurement according to the following Equation 10.

$\begin{matrix}{{k_{l} = {{6m} + k_{l}^{\prime}}}{k_{l}^{\prime} = {\left( {\left( {\left( {v_{shift} + 1} \right) \cdot \left( {l^{\prime} + 1} \right)} \right){mod}\; 7} \right) - 1}}l^{\prime} = \left\{ {{{\begin{matrix}{{\left( {l - 2} \right){mod}\; 6},} & {{for}\mspace{14mu}{normal}\mspace{14mu}{CP}} \\{{l\;{mod}\; 6},} & {{for}\mspace{14mu}{extended}\mspace{14mu}{CP}}\end{matrix}m} = 0},1,\ldots\mspace{14mu},{{{2 \cdot N_{RB}^{DL}} - {1m^{\prime\;}}} = {{m + N_{RB}^{\max,{DL}} - {N_{RB}^{DL}v_{shift}}} = {N_{ID}^{cell}{mod}\; 6}}}} \right.} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 10} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

In Equation 10, N_(ID) ^(cell) denotes PCI, N_(RB) ^(DL) denotes adownlink bandwidth, and N_(RB) ^(max, DL) denotes a maximum downlinkbandwidth.

FIG. 42 shows a PRS pattern according to an embodiment of the presentinvention for frequency reuse 6.

Simulation of the performance of the PRS pattern will now be explained.

Basic simulation parameters are shown in the following Table 1. Even ifCRS and PRS can be used together, only PRS is used for positiondetermination in order to compare different suggestions in terms of purePRS performance. Es/lot and RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power) aremeasured at user equipment in order to measure hearibility for eachcell. Here, Es represents energy of a desired signal, and It representspower spectral density of an interference signal and it may be referredto as SINR in general.

TABLE 1 Parameter Assumption Cell layout Hexagonal Grid, wrap aroundInter-site distance 1732 m Antenna gain 15 dBi (3-sector antenna asdefined in TR 36.942) Distance-dependent pathloss L = 128.1 +37.6log₁₀(R)(R in km) Carrier frequency 2 GHz Penetration loss and UEspeed Indoor: 20 dB, 3 km/h for 1732 m (case 3) Carrier bandwidth 1.4,3, 5, 10, 20 MHz eNB power 46 dBm UE noise figure 9 dB Lognormalshadowing standard deviation 8 dB Shadowing Between sites 0.5correlation Between sectors 1 Correlation distance of shadowing 50 mChannel model ETU Network synchronization Synchronous Cyclic prefixNormal CP Positioning subframe Normal subframe Number of transmitantenna 1 CRS pattern Rel-8 PRS pattern FIG. 42 unless otherwisementioned CRS transmission Always ON PRS boosting Dependent on PRSpattern Used RS for OTDOA measurement PRS only Number of receive antenna2 Periodicity of positioning subframe 320 ms Number of accumulatedconsecutive 1, 2, 4 subframes for positioning subframe Number of PDCCHsymbols 3 RS sequence Pseudo-random QPSK Probability of data blanking inpositioning 100% subframe CRS/PRS transmission probability 100% Cell IDplanning Planned, Unplanned Es/lot threshold −14 dB RSRP threshold −127dBm Max number of sites for OTDOA 10 measurement Timing measurementReplica based, coherent combining within a subframe Timing measurementwindow Ideal timing assumption: around ideal timing (for comparison ofdifferent PRS patterns) Practical timing assumption: 10 km (for allcases)

If a measurement result satisfies a threshold value, replica basedtiming measurement is performed in order to study accuracy of estimatedtiming for a sensed cell. Performance of position determination dependson hearibility and accuracy of estimated timing. The accuracy of timingdepends on auto correlation or cross correlation of PRS pattern andsequence. The hearibility depends on time and frequency reuse. Twoassumptions depending on a timing search window are considered in orderto study the influence of auto correlation profile from different PRSpatterns.

1) Ideal Timing Assumption

Timing measurement is performed around an ideal timing pointcorresponding to a shortest path. Auto correlation characteristic ishardly reflected in timing measurement because of PRS pattern. Theperformance of position determination mostly depends on hearibility.

2) Practical Timing Assumption

A timing search window covers up to 10 km. The performance of positiondetermination is partially affected by auto correlation performance intiming accuracy. Accordingly, the performance of position determinationwill affect hearibility and timing accuracy for a PRS pattern.

According to the above description, an available number of PDCCH symbolsis three when a system bandwidth is higher than 3 MHz and four when thesystem bandwidth is lower than 3 Mhz. In this case, two operations ofuser equipment are present in order to prevent position determinationperformance from being deteriorated. First, the user equipment alwaysassumes a maximum number of PDCCH symbols. Second, a parameter about thenumber of PDCCH symbols is signaled to the user equipment. The firstoperation makes planning of a PRS pattern clear while the secondoperation requires additional overhead. For performance gain, the secondis not distinct. Accordingly the first is advantageous for PRS patternplanning. Therefore, the present invention proposes planning of a PRSpattern on the assumption that the number of PDCCH symbols is three whenN_(RB) ^(DL)>10 and four when N_(RB) ^(DL)≦10

However, as shown in FIG. 42, the number of PDCCH symbols is not variedwith system bandwidth, and it is fixed to three all the time when PRS istransmitted. The PRS may be transmitted from the fourth OFDM symbol(when OFDM symbols in front on the time domain are numbered 0, 1, 2, . .. ) in case of normal CP. In case of extended CP, PRS may be puncturedat the fourth OFDM symbol and transmitted from the fifth OFDM symbolsince CRS is transmitted to the fourth OFDM symbol.

Meantime, it is possible to construct symbols for PDCCH such that amaximum number of the symbols is three and transmit PRS for theremaining symbols. Furthermore, PRS may be punctured for OFDM symbolstransmitting CRS. The relationship between PCI and PRS-ID will now beexplained.

Measurement of a current neighbor cell and report of the existing system(for example, Rel-8) are performed based on PCI. The number of PCIs isdetermined in consideration of effective cell ID planning. Since cellplanning for PRS-ID is required, PCI and PRS-ID need to have one-to-onerelationship. The same format as the existing system can be reused forposition report.

Recently, LCS (Location Service) has pointed out PCI collision andconfusion in a heterogeneous network. The probability of PCI collisiondepends on the number of PCIs that can be used for a cell. Since thenumber of PCIs allocated to HeNB/CGS cell depends on deployment, theprobability of collision may not be insignificant.

However, if 0 to 50 PCIs are stored at a system level for PCI collision,the probability of collision is not so high. Furthermore, theprobability of collision can be further reduced according to a networkbased mechanism. Since downlink and uplink physical channels aretransmitted based on PCI, PCI collision occurs again in other physicalchannels when PRS-ID is extended without PCI extension.

In conclusion, PRS-ID extension is not a fundamental solution as long asPCI range is not extended.

In associated with PCI confusion, user equipment may report global cellID, for example.

In this view, it is necessary to make the seriousness of CPI collisionclear. Furthermore, PRS-ID extension is not a good solution.

The present invention proposes one-to-one relationship between PCI andPRS-ID. A wider bandwidth increases time resolution, and thus itimproves the performance of position determination definitely. FIG. 43shows the performance of position determination depending on systembandwidth. As shown in FIG. 43, it is valid that the system bandwidth islimited to 10 MHz.

The present invention proposes that a system bandwidth for a PRS patternis limited to 10 Mhz (1.4 Mhz, 3 Mhz, 5 MHz, 10 Mhz).

A PRS pattern may be time-varying between different subframes. Atime-varying PRS pattern and a non-time-varying PRS pattern have atrade-off relation. While the time-varying PRS pattern is expected toimprove position determination performance, additional signaling fornotifying a subframe number is required.

FIG. 44 shows position determination performance in a time-varying PRSpattern. It can be known that the performance of the mean of thetime-varying PRS pattern is high on consecutive subframes, as comparedto a non-time-varying PRS pattern. However, performance gain is not sohigh considering signaling overhead.

Moreover, a non-time-varying PRS pattern is desirable when trade-offbetween the performance and additional performance is considered.

Frequency and time reuse access have a trade-off relationship. FIG. 45shows position determination performance with respect to orthogonalfrequency reuse 6 and orthogonal time reuse 6. It can be known that allsubcarriers in an OFDM symbol are occupied in time reuse. Although theperformance of time reuse is not higher than the performance offrequency reuse due to its low energy, convergence of positiondetermination can be improved to a level similar to that of thefrequency reuse according to accumulation of a plurality of subframes.

Therefore, orthogonal frequency reuse is more advantageous thanorthogonal time reuse.

PRS patterns will now be compared.

First of all, two categories are explained.

(1) Orthogonal Reuse Basis

Different PRS patterns are generated according to orthogonal time orfrequency shift. The number of patterns corresponds to time or frequencyreuse. For example, six PRS patterns are present in case of reuse 6.

Complexity reduction scheme is available.

Multiple pits can be eliminated by removing null subcarriers in asubframe.

Proposers include company A, company B, company C, company D and companyE.

(2) Fractional Reuse Basis

Different PRS patterns are generated according to quasi-orthogonal timeand/or frequency shift.

The number of patterns corresponds to time and/or frequency reuse. Forexample, 96 (12×8) different PRS patterns are present in a normal CPcase when three PDCCH symbols are assumed.

Complexity can be reduced by the different PRS patterns.

Fractional reuse can be performed by controlling the probability of PRStransmission from each cell.

Multiple pits or poor auto correlation profile is present because ofnull subcarrier in a subframe. This characteristic is very important inneighbor cell measurement performed at a very low SINR level.

Proposers include company F, company G, and company H.

Among the above proposals, position determination performance isinvestigated. Different modulation sequences are applied to differentPRS patterns. For calculation, boosting of different RSs depending onthe PRS patterns is considered. Here, a boosting level makestransmission energy even in one OFDM symbol.

Company A, company E: 6 dB

Company F, company G: 9 dB

Company B: 3 dB

FIG. 46 shows a result of performance comparison of different PRSpatterns on ideal timing assumption. Referring to FIG. 46, timingaccuracies for the different PRS patterns are not different from eachother because of a narrow timing measurement window.

The pattern of company B has position determination accuracy lower thanthose of other companies because of low symbol energy (two OFDM symbolsin one subframe). However, interference for a resource element given inone cell is mitigated when cell ID planning is applied.

Hearibility from a fractional reuse based pattern is slightly lower dueto larger frequency reuse 12.

The ideal timing assumption cannot reflect characteristic of autocorrelation profile from different PRS patterns.

FIG. 47 shows a result of performance comparison of different PRSpatterns on practical timing assumption.

Referring to FIG. 47, it is apparent that orthogonal reuse basedpatterns (company A and company E) show the best performance because ofbetter auto correlation profile (no null subcarrier is present in asubframe). The pattern of company B has the worst performance because ofauto correlation profile having low energy due to null subcarrier andtime reuse. For the pattern of company A, an orthogonal PRS patternseems to collide with a PRS pattern of a neighbor cell for all PRSelements having different propagation delays.

Position determination performances of fractional reuse based patterns(company F, company G, and company H) are poorer than that of theorthogonal reuse based pattern due to poor auto correlation profile.

Since planning is performed in consideration of collision between CRSand PRS, the pattern of company F shows the best position determinationperformance.

The proposals have different null subcarrier locations, and thus autocorrelation profile depends on null subcarrier.

When Es/lot threshold value is determined from a pattern according to afalse alarm rate, hearibility is not actually increased.

The practical timing assumption can affect the auto correlation profileeffectively from different PRS patterns.

FIG. 48 is a block diagram of a device capable of being applied to abase station and user equipment and performing the above-describedmethods. Referring to FIG. 48, the device 100 includes a processing unit101, a memory unit 102, an RF (Radio Frequency) unit 103, a display unit104, and a user interface unit 105. A physical interface protocol layeris processed in the processing unit 101. The processing unit 101provides a control plane and a user plane. A function of each layer canbe executed in the processing unit 101. The processing unit 101 canperform the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention. Morespecifically, the processing unit 101 can generate a subframe for userequipment position determination or receive the subframe to execute afunction of determining the position of user equipment. The memory unit102 is electrically connected to the processing unit 101 and stores anoperating system, application and normal files. If the device 100 isuser equipment, the display unit 104 can display various informationitems and can be implemented using LCD (Liquid Crystal Display, OLED(Organic Light Emitting Diode), etc. The user interface unit 105 may becombined with a conventional user interface such as a keypad,touch-screen, etc. The RF unit 103 is electrically connected to theprocessing unit 101 and transmits or receives RF signals.

The embodiments described above are combinations of elements andfeatures of the present invention. The elements or features may beconsidered selective unless otherwise mentioned. Each element or featuremay be practiced without being combined with other elements or features.Further, an embodiment of the present invention may be constructed bycombining parts of the elements and/or features. Operation ordersdescribed in embodiments of the present invention may be rearranged.Some constructions of any one embodiment may be included in anotherembodiment and may be replaced with corresponding constructions ofanother embodiment. It is obvious to those skilled in the art thatclaims that are not explicitly cited in each other in the appendedclaims may be presented in combination as an embodiment of the presentinvention or included as a new claim by a subsequent amendment after theapplication is filed.

In the present invention, user equipment can be replaced with a MS(Mobile Station), SS (Subscriber Station), MSS (Mobile SubscriberStation), or mobile terminal.

The user equipment can use a cellular phone, PCS (Personal CommunicationService) phone, GSM (Global System for Mobile) phone, WCDMA (WidebandCDMA) phone, MBS (Mobile Broadband System) phone, etc.

MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The embodiments of the present invention can be implemented by variousmeans. For example, the embodiments of the present invention can beimplemented by hardware, firmware, software, or combination thereof.

In a hardware configuration, the embodiments of the present inventionmay be implemented by one or more ASICs (Application Specific IntegratedCircuits), DSPs (Digital Signal Processors), DSPDs (Digital SignalProcessing Devices), PLDs (Programmable Logic Devices), FPGAs (FieldProgrammable Gate Arrays), processors, controllers, microcontrollers,microprocessors, etc.

In a firmware or software configuration, the embodiments of the presentinvention can be implemented by a type of a module, a procedure, or afunction, which performs functions or operations described above.Software code may be stored in a memory unit and then may be executed bya processor. The memory unit may be located inside or outside theprocessor to transmit and receive data to and from the processor throughvarious means which are well known.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention maybe embodied in other specific forms than those set forth herein withoutdeparting from the spirit and essential characteristics of the presentinvention. The above description is therefore to be construed in allaspects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the inventionshould be determined by reasonable interpretation of the appended claimsand all changes coming within the equivalency range of the invention areintended to be within the scope of the invention.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The present invention can be used for terminals, base stations, or otherequipment of a wireless mobile communication system.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method for determining a position of userequipment in a wireless mobile communication system, the methodcomprising: receiving, from each base station of a plurality of basestations, a subframe of a plurality of subframes that includes referencesignals for positioning of the user equipment; and measuring referencesignal time difference (RSTD) between the reference signals included inthe subframes received from each base station of the plurality of basestations, wherein a pattern of the reference signals is a diagonal 12×12matrix, which is formed by repeating a diagonal mother matrix withdimensions of 6×6, and wherein the pattern of the reference signals ismapped to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols ofat least one subframe of the plurality of subframes with an extendedcyclic prefix.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the diagonal mothermatrix is generated using a Costas array.
 3. The method of claim 1,wherein, for a subframe of the plurality of subframes with a normalcyclic prefix: an OFDM symbol having a lowest time index is numbered asa 0^(th) OFDM symbol, a maximum of 3 OFDM symbols from the 0^(th) OFDMsymbol are used for a control channel, and a 3^(rd) OFDM symbol andhigher OFDM symbols are used for the pattern of the reference signalsfor the positioning of the user equipment.
 4. The method of claim 1,wherein, for a subframe of the plurality of subframes with an extendedcyclic prefix: an OFDM symbol having a lowest time index is numbered asa 0^(th) OFDM symbol, a maximum of 3 OFDM symbols from the 0^(th) OFDMsymbol are used for a control channel, and a 4^(th) OFDM symbol andhigher OFDM symbols are used for the pattern of the reference signals,for the positioning of the equipment.
 5. The method of claim 1, whereinthe pattern of the reference signals for the positioning of the userequipment is shifted in a frequency axis for each cell.
 6. The method ofclaim 1, wherein 0^(th), 2^(th), 5_(th), and 9^(th) columns of thediagonal mother matrix are punctured for at least one subframe of theplurality of subframes with a normal cyclic prefix, and wherein 0^(th),1^(st), 2^(nd), 3^(rd), 6^(th), and 9^(th) columns of the diagonalmother matrix are punctured for at least one subframe of the pluralityof subframes with an extended cyclic prefix.
 7. The method of claim 1,wherein the pattern of the reference signals for the positioning of theuser equipment is generated by a circular shift of at least one row orat least one column of the diagonal mother matrix.
 8. The method ofclaim 1, wherein, if the reference signals are in an OFDM symbolcontaining a common reference signal (CRS), the OFDM symbol ispunctured.
 9. The method of claim 1 further comprising: providing themeasured RSTD to a base station among the plurality of base stations.10. A user equipment in a wireless mobile communication systemcomprising: a receiver configured to receive, from each base station ofa plurality of base stations, a subframe of a plurality of subframesthat includes reference signals for positioning of the user equipment;and a processor operatively coupled to the receiver, wherein theprocessor is configured to measure reference signal time difference(RSTD) between the reference signals included in the subframes receivedfrom each base station of the plurality of base stations, wherein apattern of the reference signals is a diagonal 12×12 matrix, which isformed by repeating a diagonal mother matrix with dimensions of 6×6, andwherein the pattern of the reference signals is mapped to orthogonalfrequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols of at least one subframeof the plurality of subframes with an extended cyclic prefix.
 11. Theuser equipment according to claim 10, wherein the diagonal mother matrixis generated using a Costas array.
 12. The user equipment according toclaim 10, wherein, for a subframe of the plurality of subframes with anormal cyclic prefix: an OFDM symbol having a lowest time index isnumbered as a 0^(th) OFDM symbol, a maximum of 3 OFDM symbols from the0^(th) OFDM symbol are used for a control channel, and a 3^(rd) OFDMsymbol and higher OFDM symbols are used for the pattern of the referencesignals for the positioning of the user equipment.
 13. The userequipment according to claim 10, wherein, for a subframe of theplurality of subframes with an extended cyclic prefix: an OFDM symbolhaving a lowest time index is numbered as 0^(th) OFDM symbol, a maximumof 3 OFDM symbols from the 0^(th) OFDM symbol are used for a controlchannel, and a 4^(th) OFDM symbol and higher OFDM symbols are used forthe pattern of the reference signals for the positioning of the userequipment.
 14. The user equipment according to claim 10, wherein thepattern of the reference signals for positioning of the user equipmentis shifted in a frequency axis for each cell.
 15. The user equipmentaccording to claim 10, wherein, if the reference signals are in an OFDMsymbol containing a common reference signal (CRS), the OFDM symbol ispunctured.
 16. The user equipment according to claim 10, the processorfurther configured to provide the measured RSTD to a base station amongthe plurality of base stations.